Fate and personal responsibility. Tragedy.
Transformation and redemption.
These are some of the themes running
through one of the most inspiring stories I've read in Greek mythology, the
story of Orestes from The House of Atreus. I love this story because it is
relatable: it shows how we can take whatever pain and dysfunctionality we've
been handed down in life, and it lays a roadmap for how to transform it,
freeing ourselves and others in the process.
The story of Orestes is a story of transformation
and redemption; of feeling lost, confused, pursued by regret and torment; of having
to let go of "everything men prize", meaning superficial ideas and beliefs.
Of having to reach our lowest and most
wretched point, and from there, discovering our clarity, strength and wisdom.
It is a story about how simply and sincerely wanting to be purified is enough!
Orestes' family had the "curse
of the House of Atreus" running through it. Born from murder and deceit
generations before Orestes, the curse resulted in a never ending cycle of
violence and tragedy that was passed down generation to generation, and ruined
many lives. Orestes was the one to end the curse. This is how it happened:
As Orestes grew to manhood, certain events
happened in his family, which were out of his control, yet put him in a
situation where he was forced to make a terrible decision. Faced with the
choice between violating a sacred duty to his father and murdering his mother,
in an agony of doubt and indecision, Orestes went to the oracle of Delphi and was
told by the god Apollo that he must murder his mother, at which point Orestes realized
“that he must work out the curse of his house...and pay with his own
ruin". (Leaving aside Orestes' particularly gruesome circumstances, I
think many of us can identify with Orestes' dilemma of being forced to make a
difficult choice that results in suffering either way).
Orestes does the awful deed, and
immediately becomes tortured by remorse, knowing that what he's done is wrong
and unforgivable. He is relentlessly pursued by the Furies, goddesses of
vengeance and retribution.
In his torment, Orestes wonders for
years through many lands, worn with suffering, but..." (and this is where
Orestes’ story starts to break the pattern of the curse) "in his loss
of everything men prize there was a gain too." What kind of gain can this
be?
Having lost everything and being thoroughly
wretched, Orestes recognizes that his curse doesn’t have to be just a source of
torment, but that he can actually learn from it, and use it in such a way as to
break the pattern and turn things in a different direction.
"I have been taught by misery",
he says. And what did misery teach him? "That no crime was beyond
atonement, that even he...could be made clean again...". So changed, Orestes now sincerely seeks to be purified, knowing that
"those who desire to be purified cannot be refused".
He appeals to Athena, and the goddess
listens to his plea. Apollo, who directed Orestes’ deed in the first place, intervenes
on his behalf and tries to take responsibility for what happened, while the
Furies continue to stand strong against him in their demand for vengeance. All
the while, Orestes calmly listens to everything Apollo and the Furies have to
say for and against him. This, to me, is akin to having an honest look at
ourselves. We recognize good and bad things about ourselves. We recognize that our
situation and our suffering is determined by circumstances beyond our control, but
we also recognize that we do have choice and are active participants in our
lives.
In what is by far my favorite part
of the story, Orestes calmly and openly acknowledges his role in the wrong he
has done, and, at the same time, stands strong in what his suffering has taught
him: that he can be redeemed. “I, not Apollo, was guilty of my mother's
murder", he says, "but I have been cleansed of my guilt".
This is when everything changes.
"These words were never spoken
before by any of the house of Atreus. The killers of that race had never
suffered from their guilt and sought to be made clean.”
Then something transformative
happens. Not only does Athena accept Osteres’ plea, but
“she persuaded the avenging
goddesses also to accept it, and with this new law of mercy established, they
themselves were changed. From the Furies of frightful aspect they became the
Benignant Ones, the Eumenides, protectors of the suppliants. They acquitted
Orestes, and with the words of acquittal the spirit of evil which had haunted
his house for so long was banished."
This is how tormentor and
tormented, so intimately bound, both transform when suffering is seen and held with clarity and acceptance.
So.
What can this thousand-year-old story possibly speak to our present condition? I say a lot.
Our lives are a mix of agency and
circumstance. We are not passive actors in the events of our lives, but neither
do we have full control. Only when we face our role and circumstances, and when
we hold our suffering with acceptance and awareness, do we find healing. What's
more, not only do we find healing, but as Orestes found, that which tormented
us, our personal Furies, are transformed from something harmful to something
beneficial. They become an ally to ourselves and others. And so, the cycle of suffering
is ended. To be in this position, which all us are in to some degree, to have
the opportunity to take on whatever suffering we have been handed down in life and
transform it instead of passing it down to others, is one of our greatest
challenges and privileges.
(All quotes are from Edith
Hamilton's Mythology).
Peace